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Introduction: hunger breeds discontentment, food is to meet and guarantee the basic living needs of the people first condition, when the rapid land barren, cultivated area is less and less, hunger breeds discontentment format changed in quietly, who will become the grain we don't have to worry about the results.
The village of people living in the city, and is full of poetry and the distance is faint nostalgia, the joys of spring spring, summer breeze blowing, autumn harvest joy, winter snowflakes, Shiniu "peach blossom peak, eyes who do not seem to understand the spring peach, let the flower falls by Yan Fei", so that the poetic, simple and honest, stable and peaceful. But the real life of the country, but not so beautiful poetry, rural poverty and backwardness, gambling, consciously compete, "Shanghai girl before the Spring Festival, returning to the village to see the first meal in Jiangxi and her boyfriend" net paste, caused a heated debate of the parties, shocking in rural living situation, oil the black paint table, dim light, smoke was black stove. As a country born in the country, I can feel the reality of the country withering away from time to time.
One, the real country
1. The gradual and falling population
In my memory, this is our village, has a population boom, David has a sense of music, although the material life is very difficult, but because of the implementation of responsibility system, we are full of hope, that the way out of the darkness, is full of happiness. Now every home, the feeling in the village, and did not seem to be the hope of lethargy, everywhere is full of youthful spirit, although the material life level is greatly improved, but happiness is not fierce. Around 1990, in our village population, a total of 112 people, all reasonable collocation, especially the young generation, the proportion is almost half of the country, so, then feel the dark future co.. At present, the population, in accordance with the land in the village have to count, sweep through the entrance channel and out fluctuations in the city life go up, as long as more than 70 people, but a temporary resident in the village, as long as the ten groups, fundamental to young and old, if only adults, average age well in the village. Adults, more than 60 years old, it is said that there are elderly people up to age is not suitable for the people working outside. In addition, the vast parts of the country have come to Guangdong and other places to work.
Young people spend the village, not what hope, dear, even compelling, is the habit of my hometown, the young generation, but is temporarily placed in here until fifteen, six years old, began to fly northwest. 外出的人，有的寄希望于回野生老，所以普通都應(yīng)用多年的積存，蓋了個房子在村子里，還有一局部，尤其是80后的一代，曾經(jīng)連回野生老的念頭都沒有了，應(yīng)用幾代人的積存，在縣城，甚至在本人的鎮(zhèn)上，買了套小小的住房。 The country, indeed, was not a place to leave the country.
2. A barren land
Now the village plow inserted does not have enough labor grain harvest, it is difficult for the people, please help plow paddy field, perhaps planting, a day to 120 to 150 yuan labor costs, is not easy to please the right people, so, most farmers at home are just a little field rations, my family can guarantee there is enough food on it. The original rice, now it is only one season, and it was planted in ridge cropland, water, farmland irrigation and natural high shore, is barren, the whole village of paddy field, planting area of less than one tenth. Asked about the results of the meal, all said that after a season of rice, you can manage to eat a year, the lack of time, to the town to buy some to eat. It is clear that the increase in population has been easier to deal with. Planting mode, once all by herbicides and pesticides, here are plowing, weeding, now do not have to, so for many years planted land, retrogression, soil harden and planted crops more susceptible to natural death or disease, decrease in output. They also know that this way can not be continued, but there is no labor, and what is the way?
At present, the villagers of the older generation are struggling to support it. Later development can be determined that the old people will not cultivate their land. The competition between natural and human will take place in the field. The decline of the village will be an inincapable trend.
3, gradually "old" countryside
When everything goes back to my home, it is difficult to see a few groups at home in the village, and all are old people, women and children, commonly known as the "386199" troops. Even Chuang-tzu, a village as long as one to two groups, that is empty and desolate. Sixty year old man in the village, rarely sit at home suffer, only the first effort is to work. The old men and women are the main force of grain. 70 as long as a local farming at home, most are reluctant to farm, go out to work to earn money; 80 mention it farming, all flew northwest; 90 basically not farming, except holidays and occasionally a trip back home, all the year round is not to see the fundamental.
50 years old, up to now the agriculture, but the spirit is infinite, life is infinite, one after another, the people will begin to fade, most of the rest to the original, will die, about a hard-working people, could not rest, has since come to head. Can we think about the attraction of agriculture when a small amount of rest capacity is separated from the countryside and how to stop coming back? The country has been gradually grow old, today, should decide on what path to follow?
Two, today's grain "who will grow"
China's Customs issued data on China's grain exports in 2016. In 2016, China exported 83 million 910 thousand tons of soybeans and recorded a record. Of course, the record exports are not only soya beans but also rice. In 2016, China exported 3 million 533 thousand and 900 tons of rice and got a "first". Under the background of "de Stocking", China's total grain output increased by twelve in 2016, reaching 616 million 240 thousand tons, down 0.8% from last year, and it is still second. The lack of high quality wheat varieties of soybean supply, supply and demand gap grand. The grain situation in China has changed from the lack of total to the structural contradiction. In the China more than 1300000000 population, food grade can not rely on others, no one can support China, China must put the bowl in my hand.
In the nineteen major report of the party, general secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the food security of the country should be ensured and the Chinese rice bowl was held firmly in the hands of the Chinese. About the greatest in the world of food grades, comrade Xi Jinping not only from a strategic height explained in depth, but also clearly understand the road map, in order to ensure the life of the more than 1 billion 300 million people in our country, to ensure that our jobs always end in my hand. Recently, the CPC Central Committee General Office, the office of the State Council issued the "on improving the rural land contract the right to operate all right split method views", a number of initiatives to ensure the rights and interests of farmers new operators, a new approach and guarantee system, farmers settled into the city without adding the land contract right. Therefore, in the process of grain price marketization transformation, to deal with the achievements of "who will land", we must basically promote the structural transformation of the agricultural supply side, and vigorously promote and support the new operation entities such as agricultural machinery professional collaboration organizations.
1. It is the urgent need for the agricultural and rural task to carry out the agricultural and rural cooperative organization to deal with "who comes to grain"
With the rapid development of economy and society, as the basic industry of social economy agriculture, facing labor shortage, rising costs, low efficiency and abandoned land and increasing food consumption safety situation is grim prominent contradictions; and the agricultural professional cooperative organization is the effective integration of technology, equipment, and carrier of talent, capital, information and other advanced consumption factors, its birth and development will boost agricultural development promotion; intensive consumption, scale operation, machine operation characteristics of cooperative organization is invalid after crack "three rural" problem task. Efforts to develop agricultural machinery professional collaboration organization not only for the government divided the concerns of grain consumption, but also for farmers to solve the problem of adequate resting capacity, is the urgent need to do well in the new era of rural tasks.
2. To carry out the cooperative organization of agricultural machinery is an invalid way to deal with sufficient rest and promote the circulation of land
Agricultural machinery is the important material base of ancient agriculture, and agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of the ancient agriculture. The first agricultural professional cooperative organization is a variety of advanced agricultural machinery is equipped with a number of invalid carriers, service consumption efficiency demonstration collaboration facilities, complete functions, distinctive features, wide service area, high level of organization, public participation is high; have become the main force of agricultural social service, and has strong vitality. In the case of Hengnan County, after the county a total of 306 agricultural cooperation organization, has more than 4800 large and medium-sized farm implements (such as various kinds of advanced full feeding and semi feeding harvester, 804, 704, 554, 504 large and medium-sized tractors, rotary machine, various speed transplanter, harvesting machine, large rape rape seeding machine so, etc.) to develop the cooperation organization, will promote the overall level of agricultural mechanization promotion.
Secondly, agricultural cooperative organization is the integration of technology, talent, land, capital and policy, and new equipment, new technology to implement various experiments, vigorously develop the agricultural professional cooperative organization which is propitious to the base, technology, talent, capital, policy and machine using inorganic bonding; promote large duplex, high function and machine the implementation of the use of advanced agricultural technology. For example: in recent years, Hengnan county has launched 306 "1+2" form of the agricultural cooperative organization, is composed of a person with two agricultural farm machinery technology, the expansion of paddy field, paid work and escrow service; currently the county has 22 villages and towns have been set up in the form of cooperative organization, the county agricultural mechanization degree of dedication rate of 34%.
Thirdly, the cooperative organization of agricultural machinery is a new economic subject in the rural society of our country. The implementation of collaborative operations, technology sharing, market initiatives, agricultural operators can be invalid and organized, expand social service of agricultural households and households; enhance the inorganic inorganic contact, agricultural machinery operation and large-scale invalid hundreds of millions of farmers contradictions between small-scale consumption, real progress of agricultural machinery operation benefit. Efforts to develop agricultural machinery professional collaboration organization will promote the widespread use of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery, and promote the prosperity of agricultural machinery consumption, operation, circulation, operation and maintenance market, and complete the development of agricultural mechanization.
3. It is an ideal choice to carry out the agricultural machinery cooperation organization to carry forward the main force of the grain consumption of the agricultural machinery.
Building a new socialist countryside steadily and the party's series of benefiting the agriculture policy, once marked China's rural society has entered a rapid development stage of agricultural mechanization; in recent years, the theory shows that vigorously develop agricultural professional cooperation organization to carry out building, set up a large number of rice consumption of the entire machine demonstration bases, demonstration village demonstration tablets; not only to promote the implementation of the agricultural policy of the country, the income of the people, increase grain in technology, the abundance of food in the policy; more important is to promote the land circulation and excessive operations, reduce the consumption of the agricultural land use money, progress rate, output rate and consumption rate of rest, greatly reduce the labor intensity of farmers, completed the transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. At present, the operation area of Hengnan agricultural machinery cooperative organization is 410 thousand mu, and the land transfer is 240 thousand mu. It drives 40 thousand acres per year, and consumes 260 yuan per mu. The organization of the specialized cooperative society of agricultural machinery has been sent up by the broad farmers and the party committees and governments at all levels.
Three. Today's grain "what kind"
China's rural rest capacity has been slowing down to non-agricultural industries and urban areas. Agriculture has become a concurrent industry and farmers are getting more and more serious.
First, the progress of grain purchase price. The price is under the condition of market economy and guide the farmers to carry out food consumption in the "baton" of farmers want to become a "face of the occupation, must let farmers farming profitable grain, money, or agricultural processing results will not lose the basic leave no successor of.
Second, tailored to guide the land circulation over. The so-called excessive, is to prevent the wishful thinking to stop the land transfer, land transfer price is too high, can only make the transfer of land use change of grain, the grain size is increased in practice, so we should advocate the village, neighborhood relatives due to the price of land transfer, land transfer to grain continued profitable. Only in this way, can the land use be ensured for food consumption, and after the scale of the transferred land increases, the scale benefit will be added, and the elderly can afford it.
Third, the government and relevant departments should guide the advocacy of land centralization to stop the circulation. After the land transfer, the parties are connected, one is to facilitate the cultivation of mechanization; the two is to save land and expand the ploughable air product in practice; the three is to improve the efficiency of agricultural machinery task; four, it is beneficial to prevent and control; five, it is conducive to the establishment of a long distance irrigation and water conservancy.
Fourth, strengthen training. To enhance the land circulation in a certain area of the operators of agricultural technology, agronomy, agricultural training, so that they become the new species, new agriculture, new agricultural demonstration, drive, leader, at the same time can be taken by cultivating agricultural college orientation, country stop subsidies, a member of the family farm deeper professional cultivation.
Fifth, increase support. Each has the agricultural sector, and the financial banking sector has increased its support for the service of family farms, allowing them to have no financial worries.
Sixth, improve the subsidy system. We should further improve and transform the agricultural subsidy system, and explore the linkage mechanism of agricultural subsidies and grain consumption. New subsidies should be tilted to new operators such as large grain producers, family farms and so on, so that more food consumers can get more subsidies.
Seventh, we should actively explore the form of the establishment, support and service of the agricultural machinery specialized cooperative organizations. One is to diversify. It forms the atmosphere of government inventions, introduces supporting policies and diversified investment formats such as agricultural industrialization leading enterprises, social able persons and scientific research institutions. The two is to set up in many ways. In the existing "policy set up the stage station type, lead type, type, type of led companies to set up village and large driven" 1+2 form on the basis of continual exploration new organization. Based on the demonstration town, village, group or new machine tools, new types and new technologies, a cooperative organization should be established. The three is to have many kinds of service. (1) renting operation. The farmers will guide the farmers to transfer the contracted farmland to the farmers' professional cooperative organizations, and sign the contract and collect the rent. (2) the whole process of trusteeship. Farmers will contract field entrusted group farmers professional cooperation organization operation, implement the "51" service, farmers according to the service price to the agricultural machinery organization to receive the whole machine transformation as industry service fee. (3) paid special contract. In the process of grain consumption, farmers choose the mechanized service required by the service organizations and receive the service at the cost of service. (4) provide equipment rental. According to the needs of the farmers, the cooperative organization provides the required machines to the farmers, and the farmers work on their own, and receive the required related expenses. The four is multi sector promotion. Agriculture, agricultural, water conservancy, land, finance management, various departments of tasks within the scope of their respective duties; agriculture, agricultural departments should actively carry out new types, new equipment and new technology selection guidance, technical training and enhance the service, to provide technical support for collaborative organizations, management departments should really do a good job in land circulation the exterior organization and management guidance services, promote the cooperation scale expands unceasingly. Land and water conservancy, development, finance to increase investment, improve agricultural infrastructure, the progress of machine capacity, vigorously develop the cooperation within the organization foundation present conditions, the relevant departments should strengthen cooperation to assist collaborative organization of democratic management, standard management, management, organization to promote healthy and orderly operation.
